Effect of BV on cytokine

I just a read few papers about inflammation. Currently, i'm focusing on how to understand the mechasnim underlying behind the anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom.


http://apitherapy.blogspot.com/2008/04/malaysian-researchers-study-medicinal.html


But before we go deeper about the miracle and mystery of inflammation, why i choose to study inflammation? Just a simple answer; because inflammation is a process and disease is an output. Most of the people studying the output which is referring to the disease(s).





Therefore, many thing(s) to explore in order to understand the msytery behind inflammation.


After i read, i found that most of the parameters just to justify wheather their test sample(s) has any relation with the inhibition of NF-kB (nuclear transcription factor kappa beta).


NF-kB was found to be associated with inflammation. Once NF-kB can be suppressed, insya-allah (god-willing) inflammation can be suppressed as well.





So, how do the scientists did to justify the relation between NF-kB and inflammation? They measure several parameters as described below;

Cells used;


1) Murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) which was induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-gamma (IFN-γ)


Parameter of measurement are;
a) Nitrate (NO2) [Nitric Oxide (NO) production] – Griess assay
b) Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)
c) Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α)

2) Whole blood

Parameter of measurement are;
a) Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
b) Tromboxane B2 (TXB2)
c) Lipoxygenase kinetic assay (LOX)


Reference: Cardamonin inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators in activated RAW 264.7 cells and whole blood. Eur J Pharmacol. 2006 Apr 5.

Cells used;



1) Murine macrophage (RAW 264.7) which was induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/IFN-gamma (IFN-γ)


Parameter of measurement are;
a) Nitrate (NO2) [Nitric Oxide (NO) production] – Griess assay
b) Tumor Necrosis Factor- alpha (TNF-α)
c) IL-1β

2) Rabbit synovial fibroblast (HIG-82) which was induced Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)



Parameter of measurement are;
a) Matrix Metallo Proteinase (MMP)
1) gelatinase
2) collagenase

Reference: 33rd Proceeding for Annunal Conference of MSBMB page 83.




How about mechanism behind BV anti-inflammatory effect? Can we said that the hypothesis is based on the inhibition of activation of the NF-kB pathway?


Let us explore....